A refrigerated truck is a special van-type transport vehicle equipped with a heat-insulating structure and a refrigeration device for refrigerated transportation.
● Classification of refrigerated trucks
Refrigerated cars are actually called refrigerated and insulated cars, which are divided into two categories: refrigerated cars and insulated cars.
An insulated car refers to an automobile with an insulated compartment and is suitable for short-distance insulated transportation.
A refrigerated car refers to a car with an insulated compartment and a refrigeration device.
According to the refrigeration method of the refrigeration device, mechanical refrigerated cars, refrigerated plates refrigerated cars, liquid nitrogen refrigerated cars, dry ice refrigerated cars, ice-cold refrigerated cars, etc., of which mechanical refrigerated cars are the main types of refrigerated cars, and most of the domestic refrigerated cars are also It is a mechanical refrigerated truck.
Classified by chassis carrying capacity: miniature refrigerated trucks, small refrigerated trucks, medium-sized refrigerated trucks, and large-scale refrigerated trucks.
Classified by compartment type: bread-type refrigerated truck, van-type refrigerated truck, semi-trailer refrigerated truck.
● Composition of refrigerated truck
The refrigerated truck is mainly composed of automobile chassis, thermal insulation body, refrigeration unit, temperature recorder in the cabin and other components. For vehicles with special requirements, such as meat hook trucks, meat hooks, waist, aluminum alloy guide rails, and ventilation slots can be installed. And other optional parts.
Refrigerated truck chassis: The common refrigerator truck chassis mainly include Jiefang, Dongfeng, JAC, Jiangling, MAN, Foton, Hino, etc.
Refrigerated carriage body: generally composed of polyurethane material, glass fiber reinforced plastic, color steel plate, stainless steel, etc. The production technology includes: "sandwich" board bonding type (commonly used) assembled by pieces, injection foaming type assembled by pieces, integral skeleton injection foaming type, vacuum adsorption type bonding, etc.
Refrigerator truck refrigeration unit: The refrigeration unit is divided into non-independent refrigeration unit and independent refrigeration unit. Domestic and imported units, etc. General models use external coolers, and a few miniature refrigerated vehicles use built-in coolers. For refrigerated trucks with lower temperature requirements, a built-in cold plate (the function is equivalent to an evaporator) can be adopted.
Refrigeration principle of refrigerated truck
There are many kinds of refrigeration methods for refrigerated trucks, the following 5 kinds are the more common refrigeration methods:
1. Water ice and salt ice refrigeration: Water ice refrigeration equipment has low investment and low operating cost, but ordinary water (salt) ice has a small heat absorption per unit mass, and the cooling in the cabin is limited, and the melting of salt ice will pollute the environment, Food, corroded carriages and value cargo are damp,
Therefore, water (salt) ice refrigeration is mainly used for refrigerated transportation of fish and other aquatic products.
2. Dry ice refrigeration: the device is simple, the investment and operating costs are low, the use is convenient, and the goods will not be damp. The CO2 gas produced by the sublimation of dry ice can inhibit the reproduction of microorganisms, slow down the oxidation of fat and weaken the respiration of fruits and vegetables. However, sublimation of dry ice can easily cause frosting, and too much CO2 gas will cause breathing difficulties and necrosis of refrigerated items such as fruits and vegetables. In addition, the temperature in the compartment is difficult to adjust, the cost of dry ice is high, and the consumption is large, so the actual application is less.
3. Cold plate refrigeration: The device itself is heavier and larger, and occupies a certain volume of the carriage, and the cold plate can only work continuously for 8~15H at a time. Therefore, cold plate refrigeration is suitable for medium and short-distance transportation of medium and light refrigerated vehicles. In recent years, as the problem of energy and environmental pollution has become increasingly prominent, the application of cold plate refrigeration has developed rapidly and has become a refrigeration second only to mechanical refrigeration. Way.
4. Liquid nitrogen refrigeration: the device has simple structure, reliable operation, no noise and pollution; liquid nitrogen has large refrigeration capacity, rapid refrigeration, and is suitable for quick freezing. The vaporization of liquid nitrogen will not cause moisture in the compartment, and nitrogen is good for food preservation and prevention of dry consumption. In addition, liquid nitrogen refrigeration has precise temperature control (plus or minus two degrees). However, the cost of liquid nitrogen is high, and it needs to be charged frequently, so its promotion is subject to certain restrictions. Similarly,
Other low-temperature vaporized liquid gases can also be used as refrigerants, such as liquid carbon dinitride.
5. Mechanical refrigeration: mechanical refrigeration methods include vapor compression, absorption, vapor injection, etc. At present, vapor compression is the most widely used. Compression refrigeration unit is mainly composed of compressor, condenser, throttle valve (or expansion valve) and evaporator.
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