Fiber Reinforced Polymer For Daily Life

FRP development history

Since its inception in the 1940s, FRP was first used in aerospace, military and other fields. Taking passenger aircraft as an example, the proportion of FRP in passenger aircraft manufacturing materials has increased year by year, and both Boeing 787 and Airbus 350 have exceeded 50% (weight ratio), which is higher than steel, aluminum, titanium and other metals.

And its alloys.

With the reduction of material preparation costs, FRP has also begun to enter the life of the general public. Commonly used are glass fiber reinforced composite material GFRP (commonly known as glass fiber reinforced plastic) and carbon fiber reinforced composite material CFRP. GFRP is mostly used in landscape sculptures, seats, trash cans, storage tanks, etc., CFRP can used in yachts, automobiles, bicycles, sports and leisure equipment, etc.

FRP was first used in civil buildings in the 1960s. However, it was not until the 1990s that with the rise of FRP reinforcement technology for reinforced concrete structures, the engineering community gradually recognized this new type of material and expanded to the reinforcement of steel, wood, and masonry structures.

FRP features

1.Light weight

The density of FRP is about 14-21kN/m3, which is about 1/6 to 1/4 that of steel, and it is also lighter than aluminum. When applied to a large-span structure, it can greatly reduce the weight of the structure.　Take the Jobs Theater as an example. The entire carbon fiber roof weighs only 80t and can be constructed by hoisting as a whole. Calculated according to the roof diameter of about 47m, it is equivalent to an average weight of 46kg per square meter, which is only equivalent to about 6mm thick steel plate. Such an amazing weight reduction effect makes it possible for the roof to bear the weight of the surrounding structural glass, creating an amazing spatial effect.

2.High strength

There are defects in the crystal structure of natural materials. The finer the material, the fewer the defects and the higher the strength. The strength of carbon fiber and glass fiber can reach 10-20 times that of steel. Taking into account the strength difference between fiber and matrix, the strength/weight ratio of FRP materials can usually reach more than 4 times that of steel, making the ultimate span of FRP large-span structures more than traditional The structure is 2 to 3 times larger.

Some researchers have demonstrated the use of CFRP cables to construct the 10,000-m-span Gibraltar Bridge, and its strength can be seen from this.

3.Easy to form

The production process of FRP includes various methods such as pultrusion, winding, hand lay-up, and injection molding. Not only can the FRP products with regular shapes be produced on a large scale, but also sheets of almost any shape can be produced to construct nonlinear architectural shapes.

4.Easy to disassemble and assemble

Other features of FRP

1.Elastic modulus: The elastic modulus of FRP is equivalent to that of concrete and wood. Compared with its high strength, the structural design is often controlled by deformation. Deformation can be controlled by reasonable selection of structural form, combination with other materials, and prestressing.

2.Linear expansion coefficient: much smaller than steel, aluminum and other metal materials. On the one hand, it will not cause obvious temperature stress when applied to ultra-long structures, which is conducive to structural design; on the other hand, it has better thermal insulation effect, no longer An additional building insulation layer is needed to save building space.

3.Fire resistance: The resin will soften at high temperature and cause the mechanical properties to decrease. The flame retardant + FRP surface fireproof treatment method can be used to improve the fireproof performance of the resin. The fireproof effect of well-treated FRP can be equivalent to that of concrete.

4.Economical: The price of FRP material is higher than that of steel. However, considering its light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, and low maintenance requirements, the overall cost is competitive.

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